Amoko yo mu Rwanda yatangiye gukorwaho ubushakashatsi mu 1907

Nk’uko igitabo cy’umushakashatsi w’Umudage Jan Czekanowski kitwa Ubumenyi ku moko y’abantu : Ubushakashatsi mu karere ko hagati y’ibiyaga-Mpororo n’u Rwanda cyo mu w’1917, kibigaragaza nk’uko byaranakusanyijwe n’inzu y’amateka y’Umudage Kandt wahimbye Kigali nk’Umurwa mukuru w’u Rwanda, mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe na Czekanowski akanabushyira muri icyo gitabo agaragaza imiterere y’amoko y’Abanyarwanda mbere y’ubukoroni.

Jan Czekanowski niwe muntu wa mbere washoboye kwandika kuburyo bwa gihanga, ibijyanye n’umuco n’imiterere y’Abanyarwanda, ndetse kugeza na n’ubu inyandikoze zikaba zifatwa nk’isoko ikomeye y’amateka. Niwe wari muto mu Banyaburayi bagiye muri Africa mu rwego rw’ubutumwa bw’abahanga b’abadage muri Africa yo hagati hagati y’umwaka 1907 na 1908. Kuva muri Kanama kugera mu Kuboza 1907 yakoze ubushakashatsi mu Rwanda, ahakura ubumenyi bwinshi mu mubijyanye n’imibereho y’Abanyarwanda ndetse no kubijyanye n’imikorere y’ubutegetsi bwa gikoroni.

Dore zimwe mu ngendo Czekanowski yakoze muri Afurika

Mu mwaka wa 1907 mu kwezi kwa Kamena Czekanowski yafashe urugendo yerekeza mu Rwanda , muri Kanama kugeza mu Kuboza yabaga I Zaza, I Save , I Nyanza, I Rwanza, I Gisenyi no ku Nyundo. Mu Kuboza muri uwo mwaka nibwo yahagurutse mu Rwanda afata urugendo yerekeza ku kiyaga cya Edward no muri Congo Mbiligi (Repubulika iharanira Demukarasi ya Congo muri icyi gihe).

Mu mwaka wa 1909 mu kwezi kwa Mutarama yagarutse ku kiyaga cya Victoria muri Kamena asubira iwabo I Burayi. Akigera I Burayi yanditse ibitabo byavugaga ku bushakashatsi yari avuyemo muri Africa igitabo cya gatandatu cyaje gusohoka mu mwaka w’1951. Naho mu mwaka w’1958 yasohoye raporo ku rugendo rwe muri Afurika yise “Mu mashyamba y’Uruwimi. Inkuru ku ruzinduko muri Africa yo hagati”.

Jan yari ashinzwe gukora ubushakashatsi ku moko mu Rwanda.

Jan Czekanowski yakoraga I Berilini (Berlin), mu ngoro y’ibijyanye n’amoko y’abantu akaba yari ashinzwe gukora ubushakashatsi ku bijyanye n’amoko y’abantu mu Rwanda, Ubugande no mu majyaruguru y’uburasirazuba bwa Congo. Agamije gukora ubushakashatsi kubijyanye no kwiga imiterere y’abantu yakusanyije ibihanga by’abantu 1,013, akora ibishushanyo byo mu maso y’abantu akoresheje pratre ndetse anafata ibipimo by’abantu 3,350.

Dore ibyo yagendeyeho akora ubushakashatsi ku moko mu Rwanda

Mu bushakashatsi bwe ku bijyanye n’amoko y’abantu mu Rwanda yagendeye ku bukungu imiterere n’umuco ndetse by’umwihariko yongeraho uburyo igihugu cyabaga cyiyobowe haba mu mibereho y’abantu cyangwa se muri politiki. Ibyavuye muri ubwo bushakashatsi bwe bishingiye kubyo we yiboneye ubwe, ku biganiro yagiranye n’abaturage ndetse no kubumenyi buhagije Abapadiri Bera b’Abagatolika bari bafite ku gihugu. Kugira ngo amenye imibereho y’abatuye agace runaka byamusabaga kumara igihe kitari gito muri ako gace.

Mu gitabo Jan Czekanowski cyo mu mwaka w’1908 yagize ati :” Mukazi kacu ko kwiga amoko y’abantu dushingira ku gitekerezo cy’uko umuntu aba mu muryango, niyo mpamvu mu gosobanura umuryango runaka tugerageza kugaragaza ku ruhande rw’umwe ibigize uwo byose, aha ndavuga inyubako, ibikoresho n’ibindi, naho ku rundi ruhande tukagaragaza imico, imyifatire n’ubumenyi bw’abagize uwo muryango”.

Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwa Czekanowski ni ibi :

Ibyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi bwe, byerekana ishusho y’umuryango nyarwanda mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya 19 ahagana mu cya 20. Yashoboye kwerekana ko kuba umutware cyangwa umugaragu bitaterwaga n’ubwoko umuntu abarizwamo. Yanasobanuyeko ayo moko atari atandukanye mu buryo bugaragara hagati yayo, kandi ko u Rwanda rutari igihugu gifite imiyoborere imwe hose ahubwo uko uturere twari dutandukanye ari nako twagiraga imiyoborere yatwo itandukanye n’iy’ahandi, hari aho wasangaga abaturage nta jambo n’ubwisanzure bafite ahandi ugasanga bafite ubwigenge busesuye.

Czekanowski ntabwo yemeraga intego na poliliki ya gikoroni

Jan Czekanowski ntabwo yemeraga intego zari zihishe inyuma ya poliliki ya gikoroni mu bijyanye n’ingendo abanyaburayi bakoreraga muri Afurika. Kuba yaragiye atinda mu duce dutandukanye tw’u Rwanda, byatumye ashobora kumenya ibibazo byaterwaga n’abayobozi ba gikoroni yashoboye kumenya ko mu gihe cya gikoroni abaturage bagiye bagira imibereho mibi n’ubwo abakoroni batahwemaga kuvuga ko baharanira imibereho myiza y’abaturage nyamara bakaba batarashatse cyangwa batarashoboye kurengera abaturage mu gihe babaga bakandamizwa n’abashefu b’Abanyarwanda yamenye kandi ko abatware n’abandi bari bafite ijambo mu gihugu, cyane cyane umwami bari bafite inyungu ku banyaburayi bari mu Rwanda.

Ububasha bw’umwami bwaragabanutse

Jan Czekanowski yabonaga ko umwami yari azi neza ko ububasha bwe bwagabanutse, ariko ko abasirikare b’ubuyobozi bwa gikoroni bashoboraga gufasha umwami mu bibazo by’imyivumbagatanyo y’abaturage.

Abanyarwanda babonaga abadage nka ba Rwivanga

Nubwo Abanyarwanda bari bagamije gukura inyungu ku bategetsi b’Abadage ntibyababuzaga kutabakunda. Abanyarwanda benshi babonaga abadage nk’abantu baje kwivanga ugasanga kenshi baranabaneguraga uko basa, uko babaho n’imirire yabo.

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