Iby'Amoko y'Abanyarwanda II

Inkomoko y’Amoko y’inzu, n’itonde ry’amwe muri ayo moko.

Nk’uko amateka abigaragaza, amoko y’inzu yabaga ari agatsiko k’abantu runaka babaga bakomoka ku Muntu uyu n’uyu wasize amateka, bakamwitirirwa ibihe n’ibihe, kugeza ubwo ubwo izina ry’uwo bakomokaho ryamamaraga kubera ibikorwa byabo ,maze bakajya babita ngo « Aba ni abo kwa Kanaka cya ngwa se Bakomoka kwa Naka » iyo mvugo irambye niyo yagiye ivamo amoko twakwita ay’ inzu kuko atari ay’umuryango mugari, kandi bikaba bigaragara ko n’ubundi ashamikiye ku bwoko bw’umuryango mugari .Niyo mpamvu ,usanga ubwoko bw’umuryango mugari buba bufite amoko menshi y’inzu abushamikiyeho.

Ikigaragara n’uko Amoko y’inzu yagiye akomoka ku Bantu bakomeye babaye ibyamamare mu Rwanda banditse amateka mu minsi yo kubaho kwabo, cyangwa se babaye Abami, Abatware, Ibikomangoma n’Abagaba b’Ingabo mu Rwanda rwo ha mbere.

Amoko menshi y’Inzu akaba aboneka mu Banyiginya kuko aribo bari bafite ingoma ya Cyami, hakiyongeraho Abega kuko aribo bamaze igihe kirekire bavamo Abagabekazi. Dore urugero rw’amwe mu moko y’inzu agera kuri 47 akomoka ku bwoko bw’Abanyiginya.

Amwe mu Moko y’inzu y’Abanyiginya yari ikomeye cyane kurusha indi ni aya akurikira :

1.Abahindiro bakomoka kuri Yuhi Gahindiro ;

Urugero :

*Shefu Stanisilasi Kalisa ka Kavumvuri ka Rwarinda rwa Rubega rwa Yuhi
Gahindiro ;
* Shefu Léonard Birasa bya Kanyemera ka Kananga ka Rwanyonga rwa Yuhi
Gahindiro ;
* Shefu Joseph Bideli bya Kanyemera ka Kananga ka Rwanyonga rwa Yuhi
Gahindiro ;

* Sushefu Pierre Claver Kaberuka ka Semugaza wa Mpamarugamba ya
Mutijima wa Yuhi Gahindiro ;

2. Abakusi bakomoka kuri Nkusi ya Yuhi Gahindiro ;

3. Abindekwe bakomoka kuri Nyirindekwe ya Yuhi Gahindiro ;

4. Abanyemina bakomoka kuri Nyemina wa Kigeli Ndabarasa ;

5.Abahebera bakomoka kuri Semugaza wa Kigeli Ndabarasa ;

6.Abarabyo bakomoka kuri Burabyo bwa Kigeli Ndabarasa ;

7.Abanyabiguma Bakomoka kuri Rwanyabiguma rwa Kigeli Ndabarasa ;

8.Abaryinyonza bakomoka kuri Baryinyonza ba Kigeli Ndabarasa ;

Urugero :

*Shefu Athanase Kanimba ka Mugemangango wa Rwasabahizi rwa Muyenzi wa Biraboneye bya Baryinyonza ba Kigeli Ndabarasa ;

9.Abazenga bakomoka kuri Kazenga ka Kigeli Ndabarasa ;

10.Abamanuka bakomoka kuri Kimanuka cya Kigeli Ndabarasa

11.Abadenge bakomoka kuri Mudenge wa Cyilima Rujugira ;

12.Abikore bakomoka kuri Kanyankore ka Kanyoni ka Baziga ba Cyilima Rujugira ;

13.Abahabanyi bakomoka kuri Bihabanyi bya Gashikazi ka Cyilima Rujugira

14.Abamo bakomoka kuri Rwamo rwa Gihana cya Cyilima Rujugira ;

15.Abanana bakomoka kuri Munana wa Gihana cya Cyilima Rujugira ;

Urugero :

*Shefu paul nturo ya Nyilimigabo ya Marara ya Munana wa Gihana cya Cyilima rujugira ;

*Shefu Godefroy Kamuzinzi wa Rusagara rwa Nyilimigabo ya Marara ya
Munana wa Gihana cya Cyilima Rujugira ;

16.Abasharangabo bakomoka kuri Sharangabo ya Cyilima Rujugira ;

17.Abashamakokera bakomoka kuri Shamakokera ya Ndabaramiye wa Bukombe bwa Yuhi Mazimpaka ;

18.Abashara bakomoka kuri Rushara rwa Yuhi Mazimpaka ;

19.Abakuku bakomoka kuri Mukuku wa Rwasamanzi rwa Mukungu wa Yuhi Mazimpaka ;

20.Abasamanzi bakomoka kuri Rwasamanzi rwa Mukungu wa Yuhi Mazimpaka ;

21.Abapfizi bakomoka kuri Gapfizi ka Yuhi Mazimpaka ;

22. Abareganshuro bakomoka kuri Mureganshuro wa Yuhi Mazimpaka ;

23. Abahwege bakomoka kuri Segahwege ka Nsigaye ya Gakombe ka Yuhi Mazimpaka ;

24. Abasigaye bakomoka kuri Nsigaye ya Gakombe ka Yuhi Mazimpaka ;

25. Abaya bakomoka kuri Nyarwaya rwa Yuhi Mazimpaka ;

26. Abaka bakomoka kuri Karemera Rwaka rwa Yuhi Mazimpaka ;

Urugero :

*Shefu Alphonse Mpfizi ya Karegeya ka Nkunzigoma ya Ruhwanyamiheto rwa
Bavugiki ba Terera wa Rwaka rwa Ruhi Mazimpaka ;

27. Abenenyagasheja bakomoka kuri Nyagasheja ka Mibambwe Gisanura ;

28. Abaganzu bakomoka kuri Nzuki za Mutara Semugeshi wa Ruganzu Ndoli ;

29. Abacocoli bakomoka kuri Mucocoli wa Ndahiro Cyamatare ;

30. Abagunga bakomoka kuri Mugunga wa Ndahiro Cyamatare ;

urugero :

*Shefu j. Berchmans Rwabukamba rwa Sake ya Serubingo ya Ruvuna rwa Mutaga wa Rutamu rwa Nyiramakende ya Mugunga wa Ndahiro
Cyamatare ;

*Shefu Faustin Gacinya ka Nyirinkwaya ya Kanuma ka Byabagabo ba Ruyenzi rwa Mutaga wa Tutamu rwa Nyiramakende ya Mugunga wa Ndahiro Cyamatare ;

31.Abahinda, Bakomoka kuri Muhinda wa Ndahiro Cyamatare ;

32. Abanama bakomoka kuri Binama bya Yuhi Gahima ;

33. Abanyabyinshi bakomoka kuri Byinshi bya Bamara ba Yuhi Gahima ;

34. Abenejuru bakomoka kuri Juru rya Yuhi Gahima ;

35. Abeneforongo bakomoka kuri Mibambwe Sekarongoro Mutabazi ;

36. Abenegatambira bakomoka kuri Mibambwe Sekarongoro Mutabazi ;

37. Abenegahindiro bakomoka kuri Gahindiro ka Mibambwe Sekarongoro Mutabazi ;

38. Abenegitore bakomoka kuri Gitore cya Kigeli Mukobanya ;

urugero :
*Shefu Pierre Claver Benempinga ba Nyiringabo ya Rwamamara rwa Sentama za Burengero bwa Musoni wa Kabeba ka Byambi bya Shumbusho ya Ruherekeza rwa Zuba rya Gitore cya Kigeli Mukobanya ;

39.Abenebwimba bakomoka kuri Bwimba bwa Gitore cya Kigeli Mukobanya ;

40. Abatora bakomoka kuri Cyilima Rugwe ;

41. Abajiji bakomoka kuri Mujiji wa Ndoba ;

42. Abenemugunga bakomoka kuri Mugunga wa Ndoba ;

42. Abatandura bakomoka kuri Gitandura cya Ndahiro Ruyange ;

43. Abatege bakomoka kuri Ndahiro Ruyange ;

44. Abakobwa bakomoka kuri Mukobwa wa Mujiji wa Ndoba ;

45. Abaturagara bakomoka kuri Muturagara wa Ndoba ;

46. Abatare bakomoka kuri Ntare (-Rusatsi) ya Ndoba ;

47. Abenemunyiga bakomoka kuri Munyiga wa Ndoba ;

48. Abenenyamuhanzi bakomoka kuri Nyamuhanzi wa Ndoba ;

Amwe mu moko y’inzu y’Abega yari ikomeye cyane kurusha indi ni aya akurikira :

1. Abega b’Abakagara ,bakomoka kuri Cyigenza cya Rwakagara

2. Abega ba Kuno (bafite inkomoko ku mateka)

3. Abega ba Kurya (bafite inkomoko ku mateka) n’abandi

Ibanga ryatumaga amoko y’inzu ahama kandi akaramba,nuko izina ry’igisekuru ritazimaga,agubwo bagendaga baryitwa mu butyo bw’ uruhererekana rw’ibihe runaka

urugero :

*Baryinyonza ba Kigeli Ndabarasa,na Kigeli Rwabugili nawe yaryise umwana we, n’abandi bararyiswe

* Kimanuka cya Kigeli Ndabarasa, no mu bisekuruza by’Abami b’u Rwanda Kimanuka mwene Muntu n’abandi bararyiswe

* Gihana cya Cyilima Rujugira ; na Kigeli Rwabugili nawe yaryise umwana we, n’abandi bararyiswe
* Mugunga wa Ndahiro Cyamatare ; na Ndoba yari amufite n’abandi bararyiswe

Mu gusoza iki gice, twababwira ko amoko y’ Inzu atagira umubare, ni menshi amwe nta nazwi, gusa icyo twasobanukirwa aha n’uko ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose (bwaba ubw’umuryango mugari ,bwaba ubw’inzu) burahangwa, bugahama, bukabaho, abantu bose bakabumenya, bakabuziririza kandi bakabukurikiza, bakanabwamamaza mu mvugo no mu bikorwa. Bitewe n’uko twabonye inkomoko yabwo.

Nkuko bigaragazwa n’amoko y’inzu tubonye hejuru aha, ubwoko bw’inzu bwabaga ari ubwoko bw’abantu basize amateka, utaragiraga amateka, yaba meza cyangwa se mabi, nta bwoko bw’inzu yagiraga kuko atabaga yaramenyekanye.


Nubwo Abanyarwanda batari basangiye ubwoko bw’imiryango migari cyangwa se ubw’inzu,ntibyababujije kubana neza no gusangira ubutegetsi.Kuko n’ubundi wasangaga bakomoka mu muryango umwe wa Gihanga cyahanze u Rwanda.Ibyo byatumaga ufite icyo arusha undi akimuha ,ugaragaje ubutwari mu butegetsi akabuhabwa ,uw’intwari ku rugamba agahabwa impeta y’umudende cyangwa se impotore,uwacanye uruti akagabirwa amashyo y’inka ,imisozi n’abagaragu,uwaheze mu bworo agahabwa inka y’umuriro agatangira korora ,nawe akagwiza ubutunzi,maze bose bagahuriza ku ntego imwe yo kurinda ubusugire bw’igihugu,kucyagura no kwita k’ uburumuke bw’Abantu n’amatungo.

Uwitwa PADIRI LEON DELMAS yakoze ubushakashatsi ku moko y’abatware b’u Rwanda mu mwaka w’1948 (Abashefu 52 n’Abasushefu 625) yagaragaje imibare ikurikira ijyanye no gusangira ubutegetsi kw’Abanyarwanda :


1. ABANYIGINYA 276
2. ABEGA 113
3. ABATSOBE 60
4. ABASHAMBO 52
5. ABAGESERA B’ABAZIRANKENDE 41
6. ABAZIGABA 32
7. ABASINGA 32
8. ABACYABA 21
9. ABAKONO 13
10. ABAHA 13
11. ABAHONGODO 5
12. ABABANDA 5
13. ABASYETE 5
14. ABASHINGO 4
15.ABONGERA 1
16. ABATSIBURA 1
17. ABUNGURA 1
18. ABASHI 1
19. ABISHIGATWA 1

BOSE HAMWE = 677

Iyi mibare itugaragariza ko amoko yasangiraga ubutegetsi bitewe nuko umubare wabo ungana n’amaboko bafite mu gihugu. Ikindi twagaragaza hano, nuko Abanyiginya aribo nari benshi kuko n’ubusanzwe aribo bari basanganywe ingoma, Abega bakabakurikira kuko aribo basangiraga ubutegetsi bakavamo Abagabekazi, Abatsobe nabo bazagamo mu bafite imyanya myinshi kuko aribo bakundaga kuvamo Abiru , akaba aribo bari bafite n’uburenganzira bwo gutanga abatabazi “Bamenaga amaraso yabo “ kugirango u Rwanda rwigarurire amahanga.Gakondo yabo niyo yabazwaga umuganura n’abahinzi bawo.Ibi kandi ntibyadutangaza kuko no mu gihe bita icya Demokarasi ishingiye ku mashyaka menshi, Ishyaka rifite abayoboke benshi, niryo rigira amajwi, bityo rikegukana imyanya myinshi mu butegtsi.Aha bikaba bigaragara ko mu kugabana ubutegetsi bagiye bafata n’amoko yazanyweho iminyago (Abashi bagenganga Ingoma yo ku Ijwi) batibagiwe n’amoko y’inzu (Abasyete n’Abashigatwa).

Ikindi Abanyarwanda bakunze gutsitsuraniraho, ni ikibazo kijyanye n’ubuhake. Ubuhake niko kari akazi ko ha mbere, kandi ntabwo bwari bwihariwe n’abantu bamwe nkuko babivuga, ahubwo uwabaga atunze wese yashakaga abakozi bo kumufasha mu mirimo ye iyi n’iyi ibyo akaba aribyo bitaga “UBUHAKE”. Umuhutu wihuturaga akava mu buhutu akajya mu bututsi akaba umutunzi nk’abandi ,nawe yarahakaga.Umutwa wamenyaga ubwenge akajyana n’abandi mu iterambere rijyanye n’igihe ,nawe yaratungaga akareka kuba insuzugurwa ,nawe agatanga ubuhake (urugero ni nka Busyete).Umututsi wacungaga nabi ibyo yagabiwe ,cyangwa se akanyagwa kubera makosa ye ,nawe yarakenaga akajya guhakwa nk’abandi bose.Iki kikaba ari ikigaragaza ko Abanyarwanda basaranganyaga ubutunzi bafite uko bwanganaga kose.Ukize akazamura umukene akoresheje inzira twakwita iyo kumuha akazi yitwa” ubuhake”, kandi ntawimwaga akazi k’ubuhake ,uwashakaga guhakirwa ubutunzi wese (Inka n’imyaka ) yabonaga aho ahakwa kandi agahakwa ku wo ashaka ,yaba umwami ,yaba umutware cyangwa se izindi Mfura ziri mu Gihugu.

Uko amoko y’Abanyarwanda 18 yazimye burundu

Ababiligi bagera mu Rwanda basanze ayo Moko uko ari 18 ariho ,abana kandi asangiye ubutegetsi nta kibazo gihari kijyanye no kwishishana.Bitewe nuko bazanye Politiki yo gucamo Abanyarwanda ibice ngo babashe kubayobora (Diviser pour regne) basanze ayo moko ari uruhuri ku buryo kuyacunga no kuyategeka bitaborohera,bitewe nuko iwabo bari bamenyereye ubwoko bubiri bwariho aribwo Abawaro n’Abafurama.Bize ubucakura bw’uko bagabanya ayo moko bakarema andi makeya yaborohera kuyakoresha no kuyacunga.Bahise bafata ya mazina yarangaga imiterere y’imiryango mu byimibereho yabo ya buri munsi (Class Social) ariyo, Abahutu byavugaga abagaragu, Abatwa byavugaga insuzugurwa n’Abatutsi byavugaga Abatunzi, noneho babihindura ubwoko busimbura bwa bundi 18.

Abari batunze inka nyinshi kandi bakomeye ku butegetsi,banafite igihagararo nk’icya gitegetsi, bafite n’amazuru maremare(barayapimaga) bagahita bafata ubwoko bw’ubututsi (bona n’ubwo izo nka yaba yarazihakiwe akiri umuhutu cyangwa se ari muremure),noneho abafite Inka nkeya ,cyangwa se bakiri mu bugaragu bataragira ubutunzi,mbese bakiyubaka ,baringaniye mu gihagararo (batari bagufi cyangwa se barebare) ,babaha ubwoko bw’ubuhutu (bona n’ubwo yabaga akomoka mu miryango ikomeye),noneho babandi basigaye inyuma batazi iyo igihugu kiva n’iyo kigana ,ba ntibindeba,abarenzamase bose n’abandi b’insuzugurwa babaha ubwoko bw’Ubutwa nk’uko na mbere mu bijyanye n’imibereho bitwaga.Icyo navuga aha ngaha ,nuko mu gutoranya abajya mu bwoko ubu n’ubu ,bashingiraga kuri byinshi byabaga mu bwiru bwabo,iby’ingenzi twabashije kumenya n’ibi ngibi.

Bitewe nuko mu ihame ry ‘Abazungu bavuga ko :iyo ushaka ko igikorwa cyawe ,cyamamara ,kikamenyekana ubutazibagirana mu mitwe y’abantu ,ugishyira mu nyandiko.Nibwo mu w’1932 bashyizeho icyo bise « IBUKU » izina rifite inkomoko y’icyongereza ryitwa « BOOK » bivuga « IGITABO » bandikamo ayo moko 3 bari bamaze guhanga ku buryo buri muntu wese yakigendanaga, ikaba yari Irangamuntu y’icyo gihe.Nuko amoko y’Abanyarwanda 18 bakomora ku Bakurambere azima atyo,ayahanzwe n’Abakoroni ajyanye n’ibyifuzo byabo byo kubafasha kuyobora u Rwanda aba ariyo yimakazwa. Hari bamwe mu Bayobozi bo ku bwa Rudahigwa bagerageje kubirwanya ,ariko Ababiligi babamerera nabi ngo baragandisha abaturage,Urugero twatanga ni nka Nturo Paul wayoboraga Akabagali, washatse kubyamagana,Rudahigwa akamuha impanuro agira ati « N’UDATANGA IYO BUKU, NGO UKURIKIZE N’AMABWIRIZA YAYO,ABAZUNGU BAZAGUSHAHURA ,KURIKIZA AMABWIRIZA BAGUHAYE,IBYO URIMO GUHARANIRA ABANA BACU NIBO BAZABIGERAHO » Ibyo Mutara Rudahigwa yahanuye byarashyize biraba, kuko Abana b’u Rwanda twarashyize twibohora ingoyi y ‘amoko yadushyamiranyije imyaka myinshi.

Ng’ayo Amashirakinyoma y’Amoko y’Abanyarwanda yazengereje igihugu kugeza ubwo habaye Jenoside yo mu w’1994 ikoreka imbaga y’Abanyarwanda batagira ingano.

Ibitabo bifashishijwe

1.DELMAS, Léon, Généalogies de la noblesse (les Batutsi) du Rwanda, Vicariat Apostolique du Rwanda, Kabgayi, 1950, p.28.

2. KAGAME, Alexis, Les organisations socio-familiales de l’ancien Rwanda, A.R.S.C., Bruxelles, 1954, p.33, note 31 : "La dénomination de BANYIGINYA, propre au Rwanda et aux BAHIMA du ’NKOLE signifie : richesse actuelle, jointe à une noblesse très ancienne, dans le clan dynastique. Les autres membres du clan, sans grande fortune, sont appelés ABASINDI, du nom de MUSINDI, fondateur éponyme du groupe".

3. KAGAME, Alexis, INGANJI KALINGA, Vicariat Apostolique du Rwanda, Kabgayi, 1959 (2ème édition), vol. I, IGICE CYA III, n° 35.

4. Marcel D’HERTEFELT, Les clans du Rwanda ancien. Eléments d’ethnosociologie et d’ethnohistoire, M.R.A.C., Tervuren, 1971, p 19-20.

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