Umwami Fayçal yari muntu ki ?

Umwami Faycal (cyangwa Faisal) wategetse Arabiya Sawudite (Saudi Arabia/Arabie Saoudite) hagati y’imyaka ya 1964 na 1975 afatwa mu mateka y’icyo gihugu ndetse no mu y’abarabu bose nk’umuntu wateje imbere imyumvire y’abaturage, cyane cyane urubyiruko n’abagore, ndetse n’inkingi ya mwamba y’amajyambere, umudendezo n’ubwigenge bw’abarabu.

Ubuto bwe

Umwami Fayçal yavukiye Riyadh mu murwa mukuru wa Arabiya Sawudite. Ni umuhungu wa gatatu wa Ibn Saud uyu akaba ari we washinze ubwami bwa Arabie Saoudite. Nyina Tarfa Al ach-Cheikh yakomokaga mu gisekuru cya Muhamad Ibn Abd Al Wahhab (wayimbye inyigisho za Wahhabisme, zishyira imbere islam y’umwimerere itavangiye) ndetse se akaba yari yari umwe mu barimu b’iyobokamana ba Ibn Saud.

Mu buto bwe, Fayçal yagiye ahabwa inshingano nyinshi :

- Mu Mwaka w’1925, ayoboye ingabo z’ibwami yatahukanye intsinzi ahitwa Hedjaz, nyuma y’igihe gito akaba yaranahayoboye nka Guverineri ;

- Nyuma y’ubwami bushya bwa Arabia Saudite, mu mwaka wa 1932 nibwo yagizwe Minisitiri w’intebe, ndetse na minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga, uyu mwanya akaba yarawugumyeho kugera atanze.


Agirwa Igikomangoma ndetse na Minisitiri w’Intebe

Mu mwaka wa 1953 nibwo Fayçal yambitswe ikamba ry’igikomangoma, ibi bikaba bivuze ko ariwe wari kuzazungura umwami aramutse atanze.

Muri icyo gihe igihugu cye cyari mu bibazo by’ubukungu ndetse n’iby’umutekano bituruka mu gihugu cy’abaturanyi cya Misiri, bishingiye kandi ko n’imibanire yacyo n’amahanga yacumbagiraga, abari bagize ubuyobozi bukuru bw’ubwami ndetse n’ubw’iyobokamana basabye umwami Saud uyu akaba yari mukuru w’igikomangoma Faycal akaba ariwe wari warazunguye se Ibn Saud ko yagira Faycal minisitiri w’intebe ngo arebe ko yagarura ibintu ku murongo. Hari mu mwaka w’1958.

Faycal akiba Minisitiri w’intebe yahise ashyiraho ingamba zikomeye ahanini zari zigamije kuzahura ubukungu bw’igihugu,ibi bikaba byaramufashije kwiyongerera icyizere mu bayobozi ndetse no mu baturage.

Tariki ya 18 Ukuboza 1960, Faycal yongeye gusubiza ubushobozi mu maboko y’umwami kuko inshingano yari yahawe zo kuzahura ubukungu bw’igihugu yari azigezeho, aha umwami akaba aribwo yashyizeho Taral nka Minisitiri w’ubukungu.

Kubera uburyo igikomangoma Faycal cyari gikunzwe n’abayobozi ndetse n’abaturage, nyuma y’imyaka ibiri gusa mu mwaka wa 1962 cyongeye kugirwa minisitiri w’intebe. Muri iyi manda ye ya kabiri nibwo yiyerekanye noneho nk’umuyobozi ushoboye guhindura ibintu mu gihugu cye.

Yategetse ko abagore n’abakobwa batangira kujya mu mashuri, ibi bikaba bitaremerwaga n’amwe mu mategeko y’iyobokamana yagenderwagaho muri icyo gihugu.

Mu mwaka wa 1963 yashyizeho televiziyo ya mbere muri icyo gihugu, iyo televiziyo ikaba ngo yaragombaga kwerekana cyane ibiganiro bijyanye n’iyobakamana, ndetse n’amategeko ngenderwaho ya kisilamu yagombaga kubahirizwa bidasubirwaho.

Muri ibi bihe umwami yabaga ari nk’umuyobozi w’ikirenga. Imirimo ikaba yarakorwaga na Minisitiri w’intebe.

Muri uyu mwaka kandi ni bwo umwami Saud yagize ibibazo by’uburwayi bituma ajya kwivuza mu kindi gihugu, maze Faycal amera nk’aho afashe ubuyobozi bwose mu makoko ye, ndetse atangira guhindura ibintu byinshi. Yashyize mu myanya y’ubuyobozi bamwe mu bari bakomeye mu ngabo ndetse no mu bindi bijyanye n’umutekano. Nk’ubwo murumuna we Abdullah yamugize umugaba mukuru w’ingabo z’igihugu. Ibi ntibyagarukiye aho, kuko nyuma y’uko umwami Saud agarukiye mu gihugu igikomangoma Faycal yasabye ko yaba umuyobozi w’ikirenga, bityo ibijyanye no gufata ibyemezo bikomeye akabivaho.

Ibi ariko Umwami Saud ntiyabyemeye kuko yabonaga ko arimo asatira iminsi ye ya nyuma ku ngoma, nuko asaba ko yasubizwa ububasha bwose yari afite nk’umwami. Iki cyifuzo ariko cyamaganiwe kuri n’abari mu buyobozi bw’ibwami kuko bari bakunze Faycal cyane. Igikomangoma Faycal cyategetse ingabo kugota inzu umwami Saud yabagamo.

Nyuma y’igihe gito nibwo inama y’abayobozi bakuru ibwami ndetse n’abayobozi b’amadini yateranye iha ububasha bwose Faycal. Kugeza ubu Faycal yari ataraba umwami kuko umwami yari akiriho byemewe n’amategeko. Iyi nama kandi yafashe icyemezo cyo kwambura ububasha bwose umwami Saud ndetse inamutegeka guharira ubwami murumuna we Faycal.

Ku itariki ya 2 ugushyingo 1964 nibwo Faycal cyimye igoma bityo aba umwami wa Arabie Saoudite ku mugaragaro. Mukuru we yari azunguye ntiyabyhanganiye kuko yahise yerekeza iy’ubuhungiro mu gihugu cy’u Bugereki.

Ibyo yakoze ku ngoma ye


Nyuma yo kwima ingoma, umwami Faycal yakoze byinshi bitandukanye mu gihugu cye. Kuri ubu afatwa nk’inkingi ya mwamba mu iterambere ry’ubukungu bwa Arabie Saoudite.

Yakomeje ingamba ze z’izahurabukungu, ashyira ingufu cyane mu icukurwa rya Peteroli, bituma ubukungu bw’igihugu cye bwiyongera cyane. Faycal kandi yazamuye cyane ibikorwa-remezo ndetse ateza imbere imirimo ibyara inyungu.

Bimwe mu byo yakoze cyane mu iterambere harimo guteza imbere ku buryo bugaragara ubutabera. Mu iterambere ry’uburezi kandi hashyizeho amategeko yemerera za kaminuza gutangira, ndetse abanyeshuri benshi batangira koherezwa kwiga mu bihugu byateye imbere nka Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.

Mu bubanyi n’amahanga : ku ngoma ye nibwo ibihugu byinshi ndtse n’imiryango idahagarariye inyungu byatangiye kugira ababihagarariye muri icyo gihugu ndetse batangira no gushorayo imari. Umwami Faycal kandi yagendereye ibihugu byinshi by’abarabu ndetse anagira ubucuti bukomeye na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika.


Mu mwaka wa 1974, umwami Faycal yatorewe kuba Man of The Year n’ikinyamakuru TIME cyo muri Leta Zunze ubumwe za Amerika, iki kikaba ari icyubahiro ggihabwa umugabo cyigasiba undi.

Hagati aho ariko, umwami Faycal azahora yibukwa mu mateka y’ubukungu bw’isi kubera igikorwa yakoze mu 1973, ubwo Israel yarwanaga n’ibihugu bhy’abarabu. Icyo gihe uwmwami Faycal yanze ko hari n’igitonyanga cya peteroli cyasohoka mu gihugu cye, maze isi yose ihinda umushyitsi, dore ko Arabiya Sawudite yari yihariye igice kinini cya peteroli yacukurwaga ku isi.

Ibi byatumye ibiciro bya peteroli byikuba 4 ku isoko mpuzamahanga, kandi bituma Arabiya Sawudite ikungahara by’ikirenga igihe yongeraga kurekura peteroli.

Ku ruhande rw’abarabu, iki gikorwa cyagaragaye nk’ubutwari bukomeye, na n’ubu bakaba bakibimwibukiraho. Ku rundi ruhande, ibihugu bikomeye nka USA byarahababariye ndetse biranamurakarira, bikaba bivugwa ko biri no mu byabaye intandaro y’iyicwa rye.

Iyicwa ry’Umwami Faycal

Ku itariki ya 25 Werurwe 1975 nibwo umwami Faycal yishwe n’umuhungu wa mukuru we ariwe Faycal Bin Musa’id wari uvuye kwiga muri Leta Zunze ubumwe za Amerika akaba yaramwishe ngo yihorera kuko mukuru we Khaled wishwe n’ingabo za Leta mu mwaka w’1965 (yafashe umwanya we abika inzika rwose). Uyu munyenzika akaba n’umwicanyi nawe yakatiwe igihano cy’urupfu kubera kwica umwami (régicide), nuko nawe asanga abakurambere.

gusa hari n’abvuga ko iyicwa rye ryaba ryaratewe n’ishami ry’ubutasi ry’abanyamerika CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), bakanongeraho ko uwo musore wamurashe yari akubutse muri Amerika, kandi umwami Faycal akaba ataracyumvikana n’iki gihugu kubera cya gikorwa yakoze mu 1973. Ibi ariko nta gihamya irabyerekana kugeza n’ubu.

Umwami Faycal yagize abagore 4, abahungu 8 ndetse n’abakobwa babiri. Muri bo hari abari mu myanya ikomeye y’ubuyobozi muri Arabie Saoudite, twavuga nka Khaled (Goverineri w’Intara ya Mecque) Saoud, (Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga) ndetse na Turki wakuriye inzego z’ipererza kugeza mu mwaka wa 2001.

N’ubwo amaze igihe atanze ariko, umwami Faycal aracyibukwa kubera ibyo yavuze n’umurage yasigiye abarabu. Ibikorwa remezo yubatse henshi mu bihugu bitandukanye cyangwa ibyubatswe n’abamuzunguye byagiye bimwitirirwa. Aho ni nk’imisigiti, imihanda, amashuri n’amavuriro muri Pakistan, Bangladesh n’ahandi. Mu Rwanda dufite Ibitaro Byitiriwe Umwami Faycal i Kigali.

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