Amateka y'Ibihugu-nkiko by'u Rwanda rwa Gasabo VI

29. Ingoma y’i Gasabo

Abami b’i Gasabo bari Abanyiginya, ikirangabwoko cyabo cyari Umusambi. Na none muri ako karere niho hari amariba maremare na magari y’Abami b’inka : Mutara na Cyirima. Iriba Kabyaza ryari mu mibande ya nyamweru iteganye na Kigali, n’iriba rya Rwezangoro ryari mu miko ya Muhima, mu mabega ya Nyarugenge, haberaga imihango y’inzira y’ishora.

Ku ngoma ya Ruganzu i Bwimba ahasaga mu w’1312, niho ingoma – Nyiginya yitiriwe u Rwanda .Umurwa mukuru wayo wari Gasabo, bikaba n’inkomoko y’imvugo “Rwanda Rugari rwa Gasabo”. U Rwanda rwa Gasabo muri ibyo bihe rwari rukikijwe n’ibihugu bitatu bikomeye : Ingoma y’i Gisaka, Ingoma y’i Ndorwa n’iy’Ubugesera.

Gihanga akimara kwima, Ikirangabutegetsi cye cyari “Inyundo” yakomeje kwitwa “Inyundo ya Gihanga mu mateka karande y’u Rwanda na Nyamiringa : “Urusengo rwa Gihanga”. Nyuma iyo ndangabutegetsi ya Gihanga yaje gusimburwa n’Ingoma Ngabe “Rwoga”,ari nayo ngoma ya mbere ndangabwami y’Abanyiginya. Aha twabibutsa ko Ingoma –Nyiginya yari itetse mu Rwanda rugari rwa Gasabo ari naho hari umurwa mukuru wayo.

Ubwo umwami w’i Bunyabungo, Nsibura i Nyebunga ateye u Rwanda akarwigarurira ku Ngoma ya Ndahiro Cyamatare ahasaga mu w’1477, yanyaze ingabe Rwoga, iyayo “Cyimumugizi” Gitandura (yari Ingabekazi) ayibundisha mu Rutaka rwa Muhanga hafi y’umudugudu wa Gitarama,ari naho havuye kuhite Rwoga. Aho Ruganzu Ndoli yimiye mu w’1510, Rwoga yari yaranyazwe n’Umunyabungo Nsibura Nyebunga,Abiru bayisimbuza indi ngoma nshyashya “Nangamadumbu ” yari isanzwe ari indamutsa ya Ruganzu Ndoli.

Kugira ngo Kalinga itazaba inshike nka Rwoga bayiremeye inshungu ebyiri : Bariba na Karihejuru, ziremwaho insimbura-ngabe. Nyuma yaho Kigeli Rwabugili aziremeraho :

- Mpatsibihugu

- Kiragutse

-Icyumwe

-Butare

Izo zose zikaba zarahiriye ku ntambara yo ku Rucunshu.

Kalinga niyo yasimbuye Rwoga iba indanga-bwami mu Rwanda kuva ku ngoma ya Ruganzu II Ndoli kugeza mu w’1962, ubwo ingoma ya cyami yasezererwaga mu Rwanda rugahinduka Repubulika.

Ibyo akaba aribyo bihugu byari bigize u Rwanda rwo hambere rutaratangira kwigarurirwa n’ingoma Nyiginya yari ifite icyicaro mu Rwanda rugari rwa Gasabo, bikarema u Rwanda dufite ubu, n’ubwo rwagabanyijwe n’abazungu b’abakoloni mu w’1916, igice kimwe bakacyomeka kuri Kongo, ikindi ku Bugande, ikindi kuri Tanzaniya, ikindi kikomekwa ku Burundi. Bitwaje icyo bise imbibi karemano zirimo Ibirunga, Akanyaru, Akagera n’ikiyaga cya Kivu.

Icyitonderwa

Iyo ugenzuye ugasesengura neza amateka y’Ibihugu byari bigize uru Rwanda tuzi ubu, Abasinga nibo bari bafite igice kinini cy’u Rwanda. Kuko bari bafite ibihugu byinshi bayobora birimo : Buliza, Bwanacyambwe, Nduga (baje kuyamburwa n’Ababanda) Bunyambilili, Bwishaza, Ubudaha, Bukunzi, Busozo, Bwito, Byahi, Burwi n’ahandi, kubw’ibyo ubaze wasanga Abasinga aribo benshi mu gihugu cy’u Rwanda, hakurikiragaho Ababanda, bari bafite ibihugu birimo : Nduga,Bwanamukari, Buhoma, Bukonya, Bugoyi, Rwankeli Y’Abalindi, Rwankeli Y’Abaguyane na Burera. Hagakurikiraho Abagesera bari bafite ibihugu byarimo : Bugesera, Bushiru, Bugamba-Kigamba n’i Gisaka.

Hagakurikiraho Abenengwe, bakaba bari bafite igihugu kimwe cyitwa Ubungwe ; hagakurikiraho Abazigaba, bari bafite ibihugu birimo : Rweya na Kingogo. Hagakurikiraho Abashambo bari bafite igihugu kimwe cyitwa Ndorwa. Hagakurikiraho Abacyaba bategekaga igihugu cya Bugara, hakazaho Abega bategekaga ingoma ya Kibali. Hagaheruka Abanyiginya bategakaga i Gasabo.

Icyo twazirikana ahangaha ni uko Abasinga, Ababanda, Abenengwe, Abongera, Abazigaba, Abahinda n’Abagara, bakomoka ku Bahima. Ikindi ni uko n’ubwo Ingoma Nyiginya y’i Gasabo ariyo yari ntoya cyane ntibyayibujije kwigarurira ibihugu byinshi byari bigize uru Rwanda tubona ubu. Ndetse baza kuyobora u Rwanda bafatanyije n’Abega nabo bakurikiranaga mu buke no mu kuyobora uduhugu duto. Muri ibyo byose bigaragara ko nta bwinshi bw’abaturage bari bafite, ahubwo icyo barushaga andi mahanga ni “Kurwana ishyaka no gukorera ku ntego”.

Ibitabo byifashishijwe :

Un abrégé de l’Ethno- Histoire du Rwanda, Butare 1972 (KAGAME Alexis)

Inganji Kalinga I, Kabgayi 1943 (KAGAME Alexis)

-Amateka y’Afurika, Kigali 1987 (MUREKUMBANZE Gr.)

-Le Rwanda ancien et moderne, Kabgayi 1959 (LOUIS de Lacger)

-Le Bushiru et son Muhinza (M.Pauwels)

-Ingoma I Rwanda (P.SIMPENZWE)

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